Under technological change, college-educated workers increasingly rely on combinations of competencies that are difficult to automate and also challenging to measure. A comprehensive framework for characterizing job-relevant “skill outputs” can support labor-market alignment across different types of postsecondary programs.

This paper develops a text-based approach for scoring academic environments based on the six vocational dimensions from Holland’s Theory of Careers (R-I-A-S-E-C).  These novel measures represent broad workforce competencies and replicate the structure of existing occupational measures in  O*NET. I use a sentence-transformer model and definitional text for each dimension to generate similarity score "profiles" (0-100 scale) for standardized major and course descriptions (NCES). I also derive Holland’s profile-level constructs, which capture score variance (differentiation) and the theoretical dis/similarity of the dominant dimensions (consistency).

Then, I conduct a supply-and-demand analysis using these measures as regression outcomes in two 21-year series: credential completions (IPEDS) and a parallel workforce-composition sample (OEWS) with O*NET scores. I estimate time trends by RIASEC type for five credential levels (Certificate to Doctoral) and interpret the correspondence by credential-dimension pair as the degree of alignment in the annual rates of change. I find that … …. …